Maternal and Child Characteristics, Stimulation Practices, and Their Association with Stunting: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pendahuluan: Stunting adalah bentuk malnutrisi kronis pada masa kanak-kanak yang mengganggu pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan kognitif dan motorik, serta produktivitas jangka panjang. Puskesmas Trucuk II di Kabupaten Klaten memiliki prevalensi stunting tertinggi di kabupaten tersebut (22,7%). Penelitian ini mengkaji perbedaan usia anak, usia ibu, stimulasi, dan perkembangan anak dalam kaitannya dengan kejadian stunting. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Trucuk II, Kabupaten Klaten, dari tanggal 1 Februari hingga 30 April 2024, melibatkan 128 ibu balita berusia 24–59 bulan. Kejadian stunting diklasifikasikan menggunakan pengukuran z-score berdasarkan Permenkes RI Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 tentang Standar Antropometri Anak, dan perkembangan anak dinilai menggunakan KPSP. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan antara usia anak (nilai p: 0,071), usia ibu (nilai p: 0,182), stimulasi (0,265), dan perkembangan anak (nilai p: 0,840) dengan kejadian stunting. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada usia anak, usia ibu, stimulasi, atau perkembangan anak antara anak yang mengalami stunting dan yang tidak mengalami stunting. Stunting mungkin lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor gizi, sosial ekonomi, dan lingkungan yang lebih luas, sehingga menyoroti perlunya penelitian longitudinal lebih lanjut.
 
 
Introduction: Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition in early life. Stunting has negative impacts such as impaired physical growth, cognitive function, motor skills, decreased physical capacity, and neurodevelopment, and even reduces productivity and will have an economic impact on a country in the future. Puskesmas Trucuk II, Klaten Regency, has the highest stunting prevalence status of 22.7% in Klaten Regency. This study aimed to analyze the difference between child age, maternal age, stimulation, and child development with the incidence of stunting. Method: Cross-sectional research design with a population of mothers who have toddlers aged 24-59 months in the Trucuk II Health Center Working Area, Klaten Regency. The research was conducted in February-April 2024 with 128 respondents. The instrument used to classify the incidence of stunting uses the z-score classifier according to Permenkes RI Number 2 of 2020 concerning Child Anthropometry Standards, and related to child development using KPSP. Results: There was no difference between the child's age (p-value: 0.071), mother's age (p-value: 0.182), stimulation (0.265), and child development (p-value: 0.840) with the incidence of stunting. Conclusion: There is no difference between risk factors, such as child age, mother's age, stimulation, and child development, but the incidence of stunting may be caused by several other factors that can indirectly affect it. Comprehensive efforts from various aspects, such as family, social environment, and health facilities, are needed to minimize the occurrence of stunting.