Optimization Of The Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Of Turi Leaf Flavonoids Using Response Surface Methodology

This research focuses on optimizing the extraction of flavonoid compounds from turi (Sesbania grandiflora) leaves using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and response surface methodology (RSM). Turi leaves were selected due to their abundance, ease of availability, and potential as a natural antibacterial source, making them a cost-effective material. The aim was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for flavonoids. RSM was applied using a design of experiment (DOE) to set the parameter limits: temperature (40°C–60°C), time (10–30 minutes), and solvent volume (100–200 mL of 95% ethanol). Flavonoid content was analyzed using the AlCl₃ colorimetric method. Experimental flavonoid yields ranged from 0.026 to 0.349 mg QE/g sample. The highest yield, 0.349 mg QE/g, was obtained at 60°C, 10 minutes, and 200 mL ethanol. Optimization results using RSM suggested the best extraction conditions were 66.82°C, 3.18 minutes, and 234.09 mL ethanol, with a predicted flavonoid content of 0.445 mg QE/g. These findings confirm UAE as an efficient method for extracting flavonoids from turi leaves under optimized conditions.