Development of A Historical E-Booklet on Indonesian Ancient Kingdoms to Enhance Learning Interest and Outcomes in Fourth-Grade Students

This research aimed to develop a historical e-booklet on Indonesian ancient kingdoms as an innovative learning medium to enhance learning interest and outcomes among fourth-grade students. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Four-D (4D) model, involving 23 students as participants. Validation by content and media experts yielded "qualified" and "very qualified" ratings, respectively, indicating that the e-booklet aligns with curriculum standards in content, language, presentation, and usability. Small and large group trials demonstrated positive responses from both students and teachers. Statistical analysis using a paired sample t-test showed significant improvement in both learning interest and outcomes (p < 0.05), with N-gain scores of 0.7924 (high) for learning interest and 0.6149 (moderate) for learning outcomes. The engaging visuals, interactive elements, and concise layout of the e-booklet contributed to increased student motivation and comprehension, especially in understanding historical figures, relics, and events. This study concludes that historical e-booklets are effective digital learning media to stimulate interest and improve academic performance in history-themed social studies among primary students. The findings provide practical implications for digital media integration in elementary education and support the use of e-booklets as accessible, enjoyable, and pedagogically sound learning tools.