Reframing the philosophy of pastoral counselling: An interdisciplinary dialogue between theology, existential psychology, and positive psychology

This study explores the need to reframe the philosophy of pastoral counselling through an interdisciplinary dialogue between theology, existential psychology, and positive psychology. Historically rooted in religious traditions, pastoral counselling has evolved by integrating psychological insights to address the holistic needs of individuals. However, contemporary cultural diversity, ethical complexity, and global social change demand a renewed philosophical foundation that is both theologically grounded and psychologically informed. Using a qualitative design based on an interdisciplinary literature review, this study analyses peer reviewed works published between 2000 and the present that discuss the integration of theology and psychology within counselling contexts. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesize key concepts and identify emerging patterns across disciplines. The findings indicate that existential psychology contributes a focus on meaning making, freedom, and responsibility, which align with theological reflections on suffering and hope, while positive psychology enriches pastoral counselling through its emphasis on virtues such as forgiveness, gratitude, resilience, and character development. The study also highlights the importance of ethical clarity, particularly regarding professional boundaries, value imposition, and client autonomy, as well as the necessity of cultural sensitivity and multicultural adaptation. In conclusion, reframing the philosophy of pastoral counselling through interdisciplinary integration provides a more holistic, ethically responsible, culturally responsive, and spiritually authentic model of care capable of addressing contemporary mental health and spiritual challenges.