đ
23 August 2025
DOI: 10.26877/asset.v7i3.1872
Association Between PAI-1 4G/5G Genetic Polymorphism and Uncontrolled Allergic Asthma
Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET)
Universitas Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia Semarang
đ Abstract
Airway remodeling is a major challenge in the management of uncontrolled allergic asthma, despite standard therapy with a combination of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting bronchodilators (LABA). Increased levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are thought to play a role in this process, and the 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene is one of the genetic factors that affect it. This study aimed to analyze the association between the 4G/5G PAI-1 genetic polymorphism and uncontrolled allergic asthma. A case-control study was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital between January-March 2024 on 40 patients with allergic asthma and 40 non-asthmatic subjects. Diagnosis was made through prik test (+), bronchodilator test (+), and asthma control classification according to GINA criteria. All asthmatic patients received Budesonide-Formoterol therapy for 4 weeks. PAI-1 levels were measured and 4G/5G polymorphism was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results showed that PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in uncontrolled asthma patients and in individuals with the 4G/4G genotype compared to non-4G/4G (2.38 Âą 0.770 vs 1.65 Âą 0.714; p=0.001). The 4G/4G genotype was more common in uncontrolled asthma (OR: 5.8) and was associated with the risk of severe obstruction (OR: 11.6). Thus, it was concluded that the 4G/4G genotype in the PAI-1 gene is associated with increased PAI-1 levels, risk of uncontrolled allergic asthma, and more severe degree of airway obstruction. The implication of the results shows that genetic testing of PAI-1 has the potential to be a predictive biomarker in personalized asthma therapy strategies. This approach can help clinicians identify high-risk patients and tailor interventions early and effectively to prevent remodeling and reduce long-term morbidity.
đ Keywords
#allergic asthma; 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism; genetic polymorphism; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; asthma control
âšī¸ Informasi Publikasi
Tanggal Publikasi
23 August 2025
Volume / Nomor / Tahun
Volume 7, Nomor 3, Tahun 2025
đ HOW TO CITE
Iskandar, Harun; Ilyas, Muh; Muis, Eliana; Tabri, Nur Ahmad; Setiawati, Dewi, "Association Between PAI-1 4G/5G Genetic Polymorphism and Uncontrolled Allergic Asthma," Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET), vol. 7, no. 3, Aug. 2025.
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