SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: COFFEE-DERIVED CHLOROGENIC ACID AND CAFFEINE AS ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENTS FOR DEPRESSION AND SCHIZOPHRENIA IN ADULTS AND ADOLESCENTS.

Individuals with depression and schizophrenia often consume coffee, though its effects differ. For some, coffee offers relief or clarity; for others, it may increase anxiety or worsen symptoms. This review examines how chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine, the primary active compounds in coffee, influence mental health in adolescents and adults with major depression and schizophrenia. We reviewed 11 high-quality studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOHost on the relationship between coffee and mental health. Findings suggest that CGA may protect brain cells, influence serotonin levels, and offer neuroprotection. Caffeine acts as a stimulant by blocking the action of specific neurotransmitters. The mental health effects of coffee depend on the balance of CGA and caffeine, as well as individual biological differences.